fiber orientation
The direction in which the greater proportion of
the fibers of a paper have their larger dimension,
which is their length. Handmade papers have the
least degree of lengthwise orientation due to the
multiple shaking of the mold when it is lifted
from the vat, which causes the fibers to settle in
various directions. Machine-made papers have the
greater proportion of their fibers oriented in the
longer or MACHINE
DIRECTION of the paper; however, some
Fourdrinier papermaking machines are equipped with
shaking wires that cause more fibers to shift away
from the direction of movement of the wire. (157 , 320 )
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