arabic numerals
The numerical symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, as distinguished from the Roman I, X, L, etc.,
so called because of their origin in the Near
East. They have been used in the foliation of
books since the late 15th century. Arabic numerals
first appeared in European manuscripts in the 12th
century, although they probably came to the Near
East by way of India in the 8th century. Arabic
numerals are commonly used for paginating the text
of a book, although Roman numerals are still often
used for preliminary and end matter, despite the
obvious affectation. (156 )
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