Volume 10, Number 2
Oct 1997

Condensed Classification of Paper Topics

as used for APA Literature Section

3A. Books; books & paper

3A9. Permanence & durability of books, records & book paper; printing, copying & writing materials from user's point of view.

3A9.1 Edition bindings & theses

3A9.2 Office printers and copiers; toners

3A9.3 Printing & inks.

3A9.4 Encouraging use of permanent paper; users

3A9.5 Permanent paper for govt use; choosing documents to print on permanent paper

3A9.6 Standards & specs for paper & enclosures .

3A9.7 Tests for permanence useful for producers & consumers of paper.

3A9.8 pH studies of new library books; analysis of old book papers by date. Analysis of archival board.

3A9.9 Alkaline mills, papers & distributors

3B. Paper: Research, Manufacture, History

3B1. Research and testing on permanence & deterioration. 3B1.1 Overviews of paper permanence & deterioration

3B1.2 Aging of pulp or paper

3B1.21 Accelerated aging; what happens during aging and how to measure it

3B1.22 Natural aging; effect of handling; durability; monitoring the natural aging process; Russell effect, chemiluminescence; fingerprints

3B1.23 Aging with pollutants; acid migration

3B1.24 Light aging research, standards & testing

3B1.25 Tidelines research

3B1.26 Physical measures - fold, tear, etc.

3B1.4 Color reversion, lightfastness

3B1.5 Effects of metals as catalysts in bleaching & other mill processes, & in paper; chelates

3B1.6 Measurement & effects of pH, alkaline reserve, and alkaline sizing

3B1.7 Permanence & fiber type/lignin

3B1.8 Treatment or manufacturing processes or agents that may affect permanence, e.g. filler, fines, coatings, wet strength resins, size press additives, optical (fluorescent) brighteners, retention aids.

3B1.9 Inks, toners, & pigments: image permanence.

3B3. Papermaking; pulping; weird papers; color in papermaking; microbes in the mill.

3B3.1 Health effects of paper (allergies etc.)

3B3.2 Hand papermaking: western, eastern & traditional

3B3.4 Alkaline & neutral; wet end chemistry

3B3.41 Trends in alkaline production.

3B3.42 History of alkaline/permanent papermaking;

3B3.44 CaCO₃; other fillers

3B3.45 Alum; aluminum compounds/ion

3B3.46 Converting performance of alkaline paper

3B3.5 Distribution, pricing

3B3.6 Recycling paper

3B3.61 Effect of recycling on paper qualities

3B3.63 Recycling regulations; broke

3B3.64 Deinked market pulp mills

3B3.7 The paper industry (production, etc.)

3B3.71 Classification of paper

3B3.72 Pulp & wood shortage; price volatility of pulp

3B3.73 Purchase/sale of mills, shutdowns.

3B3.8 Pulping; effect on fiber; recycled market pulp

3B3.82 Enzymes & catalysts for pulping/bleaching

3B3.83 Bleaching

3B3.84 Nonwood fibers

3B3.85 Mechanical pulps: pulping, bleaching & papermaking aspects.

3B3.86 Lignin

3B3.87 Buffered groundwood

3B3.9 Environmental issues in papermaking; dioxin; chlorine; mill closure; environmentalism and reactions to it.

3B3.91 Toxic effluents; TCF & ECF pulp; toxic metals & compounds in recycled paper.

3B3.92 Closure or water recycling in mills

3B3.93 Environmentalism

3B3.94 Life cycle analysis

3B3.95 Forestry practices

3B3.96 Composting, landspreading, incineration of sewage and waste paper; sludge

3B3.97 Waterless papermaking