USMARC CODE LIST FOR LANGUAGES

1996 Edition

See MARC Code List for Countries for updates

Network Development and MARC Standards Office

This is an ASCII list of all valid and obsolete language codes assigned for use in USMARC records. It is intended to meet the need for a simple list to support MARC system development and online validation of MARC codes. This listing does not include any usage guidelines, or cross reference information. This information is available in the printed MARC code list and the web version, available at http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/languages/.

USMARC Code List for Languages

ace   Achinese
ach   Acoli
ada   Adangme
afa   Afroasiatic (Other)
afh   Afrihili (Artificial language)
afr   Afrikaans
aka   Akan
akk   Akkadian
alb   Albanian
ale   Aleut
alg   Algonquian (Other)
amh   Amharic
ang   English, Old (ca. 450-1100)
apa   Apache languages
ara   Arabic
arc   Aramaic
arm   Armenian
arn   Mapuche
arp   Arapaho
art   Artificial (Other)
arw   Arawak
asm   Assamese
ath   Athapascan (Other)
ava   Avaric
ave   Avestan
awa   Awadhi
aym   Aymara
aze   Azerbaijani
bad   Banda
bai   Bamileke languages
bak   Bashkir
bal   Baluchi
bam   Bambara
ban   Balinese
baq   Basque
bas   Basa
bat   Baltic (Other)
bej   Beja
bel   Belarusian
bem   Bemba
ben   Bengali
ber   Berber (Other)
bho   Bhojpuri
bik   Bikol
bin   Bini
bis   Bislama
bla   Siksika
bnt   Bantu (Other)
bra   Braj
bre   Breton
btk   Batak
bug   Bugis
bul   Bulgarian
bur   Burmese
cad   Caddo
cai   Central American Indian (Other)
cam   Khmer
car   Carib
cat   Catalan
cau   Caucasian (Other)
ceb   Cebuano
cel   Celtic (Other)
cha   Chamorro
chb   Chibcha
che   Chechen
chg   Chagatai
chi   Chinese
chn   Chinook jargon
cho   Choctaw
chr   Cherokee
chu   Church Slavic
chv   Chuvash
chy   Cheyenne
cmc   Chamic languages
cop   Coptic
cor   Cornish
cpe   Creoles and Pidgins,
        English-based (Other)
cpf   Creoles and Pidgins,
        French-based (Other)
cpp   Creoles and Pidgins,
        Portuguese-based (Other)
cre   Cree
crp   Creoles and Pidgins (Other)
cus   Cushitic (Other)
cze   Czech
dak   Dakota
dan   Danish
day   Dayak
del   Delaware
din   Dinka
div   Divehi
doi   Dogri
dra   Dravidian (Other)
dua   Duala
dum   Dutch, Middle (ca. 1050-1350)
dut   Dutch
dyu   Dyula
efi   Efik
egy   Egyptian
eka   Ekajuk
elx   Elamite
eng   English
enm   English, Middle (1100-1500)
esk   Eskimo languages
esp   Esperanto
est   Estonian
eth   Ethiopic
ewe   Ewe
ewo   Ewondo
fan   Fang
far   Faroese
fat   Fanti
fij   Fijian
fin   Finnish
fiu   Finno-Ugrian (Other)
fon   Fon
fre   French
fri   Frisian
frm   French, Middle (ca. 1400-1600)
fro   French, Old (ca. 842-1400)
ful   Fula
gaa   Ga
gae   Gaelic (Scots)
gag   Galician
gal   Oromo
gay   Gayo
gba   Gbaya
gem   Germanic (Other)
geo   Georgian
ger   German
gil   Gilbertese
gmh   German, Middle High (ca. 1050-1500)
goh   German, Old High (ca. 750-1050)
gon   Gondi
gor   Gorontalo
got   Gothic
grb   Grebo
grc   Greek, Ancient (to 1453)
gre   Greek, Modern (1453- )
gua   Guarani
guj   Gujarati
hai   Haida
hau   Hausa
haw   Hawaiian
heb   Hebrew
her   Herero
hil   Hiligaynon
him   Himachali
hin   Hindi
hmn   Hmong
hmo   Hiri Motu
hun   Hungarian
hup   Hupa
iba   Iban
ibo   Igbo
ice   Icelandic
ijo   Ijo
ilo   Iloko
inc   Indic (Other)
ind   Indonesian
ine   Indo-European (Other)
int   Interlingua (International Auxiliary
        Language Association)
ira   Iranian (Other)
iri   Irish
iro   Iroquoian (Other)
ita   Italian
jav   Javanese
jpn   Japanese
jpr   Judeo-Persian
jrb   Judeo-Arabic
kaa   Kara-Kalpak
kab   Kabyle
kac   Kachin
kam   Kamba
kan   Kannada
kar   Karen
kas   Kashmiri
kau   Kanuri
kaw   Kawi
kaz   Kazakh
kha   Khasi
khi   Khoisan (Other)
kho   Khotanese
kik   Kikuyu
kin   Kinyarwanda
kir   Kyrgyz
kmb   Kimbundu
kok   Konkani
kon   Kongo
kor   Korean
kpe   Kpelle
kro   Kru
kru   Kurukh
kua   Kuanyama
kur   Kurdish
kus   Kusaie
kut   Kutenai
lad   Ladino
lah   Lahnda
lam   Lamba
lan   Occitan (post-1500)
lao   Lao
lap   Sami
lat   Latin
lav   Latvian
lin   Lingala
lit   Lithuanian
lol   Mongo-Nkundu
loz   Lozi
lua   Luba-Lulua
lub   Luba-Katanga
lug   Ganda
lui   Luiseno
lun   Lunda
luo   Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
lus   Lushai
mac   Macedonian
mad   Madurese
mag   Magahi
mah   Marshall
mai   Maithili
mak   Makasar
mal   Malayalam
man   Mandingo
mao   Maori
map   Austronesian (Other)
mar   Marathi
mas   Masai
max   Manx
may   Malay
mdr   Mandar
men   Mende
mic   Micmac
min   Minangkabau
mis   Miscellaneous languages
mkh   Mon-Khmer (Other)
mla   Malagasy
mlt   Maltese
mni   Manipuri
mno   Manobo languages
moh   Mohawk
mol   Moldavian
mon   Mongolian
mos   Moore
mul   Multiple languages
mun   Munda (Other)
mus   Creek
mwr   Marwari
myn   Mayan languages
nah   Nahuatl
nai   North American Indian (Other)
nau   Nauru
nav   Navajo
nde   Ndebele (Zimbabwe)
ndo   Ndonga
nep   Nepali
new   Newari
nia   Nias
nic   Niger-Kordofanian (Other)
niu   Niuean
non   Old Norse
nor   Norwegian
nso   Northern Sotho
nub   Nubian languages
nya   Nyanja
nym   Nyamwezi
nyn   Nyankole
nyo   Nyoro
nzi   Nzima
oji   Ojibwa
ori   Oriya
osa   Osage
oss   Ossetic
ota   Turkish, Ottoman
oto   Otomian languages
paa   Papuan-Australian (Other)
pag   Pangasinan
pal   Pahlavi
pam   Pampanga
pan   Panjabi
pap   Papiamento
pau   Palauan
peo   Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)
per   Persian
phi   Philippine (Other)
pli   Pali
pol   Polish
pon   Ponape
por   Portuguese
pra   Prakrit languages
pro   Provencal (to 1500)
pus   Pushto
que   Quechua
raj   Rajasthani
rap   Rapanui
rar   Rarotongan
roa   Romance (Other)
roh   Raeto-Romance
rom   Romany
rum   Romanian
run   Rundi
rus   Russian
sad   Sandawe
sag   Sango
sai   South American Indian (Other)
sal   Salishan languages
sam   Samaritan Aramaic
san   Sanskrit
sao   Samoan
sas   Sasak
sat   Santali
scc   Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic)
sco   Scots
scr   Serbo-Croatian (Roman)
sel   Selkup
sem   Semitic (Other)
sgn   Sign languages
shn   Shan
sho   Shona
sid   Sidamo
sio   Siouan (Other)
sit   Sino-Tibetan (Other)
sla   Slavic (Other)
slo   Slovak
slv   Slovenian
snd   Sindhi
snh   Sinhalese
snk   Soninke
sog   Sogdian
som   Somali
son   Songhai
spa   Spanish
srr   Serer
ssa   Nilo-Saharan (Other)
sso   Sotho
suk   Sukuma
sun   Sundanese
sus   Susu
sux   Sumerian
swa   Swahili
swe   Swedish
swz   Swazi
syr   Syriac
tag   Tagalog
tah   Tahitian
tai   Tai (Other)
taj   Tajik
tam   Tamil
tar   Tatar
tel   Telugu
tem   Temne
ter   Terena
tet   Tetum
tha   Thai
tib   Tibetan
tig   Tigre
tir   Tigrinya
tiv   Tiv
tkl   Tokelauan
tli   Tlingit
tmh   Tamashek
tog   Tonga (Nyasa)
ton   Tonga (Tonga Islands)
tpi   Tok Pisin
tru   Truk
tsi   Tsimshian
tso   Tsonga
tsw   Tswana
tuk   Turkmen
tum   Tumbuka
tur   Turkish
tut   Altaic (Other)
tvl   Tuvalu
twi   Twi
uga   Ugaritic
uig   Uighur
ukr   Ukrainian
umb   Umbundu
und   Undetermined
urd   Urdu
uzb   Uzbek
vai   Vai
ven   Venda
vie   Vietnamese
vot   Votic
wak   Wakashan languages
wal   Walamo
war   Waray
was   Washo
wel   Welsh
wen   Sorbian languages
wol   Wolof
xho   Xhosa
yao   Yao
yap   Yapese
yid   Yiddish
yor   Yoruba
zap   Zapotec
zen   Zenaga
znd   Zande
zul   Zulu
zun   Zuni