NOTES

1. Martens (1974) rated the efficiency of chlorinated solvents with respect to the time required to wrinkle a standard oleoresinous film. In general, the efficiency of a chlorinated solvent decreases as the chlorination or the chain length of the organic radical increases. No further information is given about the experimental design. He arrived at the following rating:

2. Methanol is the most widely used co-solvent. If more than 4% methanol is used, the remover must be identified as poisonous on the container. Methanol, a low molecular weight polar solvent, has a strong activating effect and adds to the versatility of the remover (Kirk and Othmer 1985).

3. Amines, e.g., 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol, are not as corrosive as acids and prevent container corrosion by scavenging hydrochloric acid which is released by the decomposition of methylene chloride (Kirk and Othmer 1985). Amines may discolor wood or react with copper or cadmium surfaces (Martens 1974).

REFERENCES

Block, W.1986. Organic finishing today: Update on paint stripping. Plating and Surface Finishing73: 16–17.

Block, W.1991. Personal communication. Research chemist, ICI Industries, St. Paul, Minn.

Capotosto, R.1989. Super safe paint stripper. Popular Mechanics166: 148.

D'Ruiz, C.1991. Aqueous cleaning as an alternative to CFC and chlorinated solvent based cleaning. Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications. 41–42.

Francisco, R.1988. U.S. Patent #4,732,695.

Hahn, W., and P. O.Werschulz.1986. Evaluation of alternatives to toxic organic paint strippersPrepared for the Environmental Protection Agency (PB 86-219 177/AS). September. 1986.

Kirk, R.E., and D. F.Othmer, eds.1968. Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 2d ed.New York: John Wiley and Sons. 485–90.

Kirk, R. E., and D. F.Othmer, eds.1985. Encyclopedia of chemical technology, 3d ed.New York: John Wiley and Sons. 762–66.

Martens, C.1974. Technology of paints, varnishes, and lacquers. Huntington, N.Y.: Robert Krieger Publishing Company. 613–18.

Mazia, J.1979. The organic corner-strippers at the crossroads. Metal Finishing77: 57–61.

Ringel, S.1989. How to remove plastic compounds, coatings, and adhesives from electronic products. Electronic Manufacturing.35: 28–31.

Sizelove, R.1972. Paint stripping updated. Industrial Finishing48: 44–52.

West, W.1991. Personal communication. Technical Service Quality Control Manager, Thompson and Formby, Inc., Olive Branch, Miss.

Wolbers, R.1991. Varnish removing composition and methods of using the same. U.S. Patent #4,986,936.

OTHER SOURCES

Borns, H.1982. Here's a brush cleaner that works for all paints. Popular Mechanics155: 116–19.

Cryogenic stripping of paint from hangers. 1986. Industrial Finishing62: 34.

Dry stripping nips coating removal woes. 1987. Design News43: 39.

Fletcher, M.1986. Paint and varnish removers. Canadian Consumer16: 19–26.

Flick, E.1989. Advanced cleaning product formulations—Household, industrial, automotive. Park Ridge, N.J.: Noyes Publications.

Gladstone,B.1988. Take it all off: Boatkeeper's guide to paint and varnish removers. Motor Boat and Sailing161:75–77.

Hand, J.1984. Easier strippers?Popular Science224: 94–95.

Jorczyk, E. R.1969. What you should know about paint strippers. Industrial Finishing45:28, 31.

Powdered paint removers: An alternative to solvents. 1982. Consumer Reports47:333–34.

Products showcase: Metal and paint strippers. 1990. Metal Finishing88: 36–40.

Scott, D.1982. Peel-off paint strippers. Popular Science220:114.

Truini, J.1983. Paint strippers: Beware the hidden hazard. Popular Mechanics160:65–67.

SOURCES OF MATERIALS

Akzo Chemicals, Inc., 8201 W. 47th St., McCook, Ill. 60525

BF Goodrich-Specialty Polymers Division, 6100 Oak Tree Blvd. Cleveland, Ohio 44131

Dow Chemical USA, Midland, Mich. 48640

Dumond Chemicals, Inc., 1501 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10036

Dynaloy, Inc., 7-T Great Meadow La., Hanover, N.J. 07936

Enthone, Inc., P.O. Box 1900, New Haven, Conn. 06508

Kwick Kleen Industrial Solvents, Inc., P.O. Box 905, Dept. T4, Vincennes, Ind. 47591

3M, 6043 Hudson Rd., Ste. 290, Woodbury, Minn., 55125

Master Products, Inc., P.O. Box 274, Orange City, Iowa 51041

Miranol Chemical Co., Inc., P.O. Box 436, 68 Culver Rd., Dayton, N.J., 08810

Miller-Stephenson Chemical Co., Inc., George Washington Hwy., Danbury, Conn., 06508

Mitchell-Bradford Chemical Co., P.O. Box 169, Wampus La., Milford, Conn., 06460

Mohawk Finishing Products, Rte. 30 N., Amsterdam, N.Y. 12010

Morton Paint Co. (U.S. Chemical and Plastics, Co.), P.O. Box 6208, Canton, Ohio 44706

New York Bronze Powder Co., East Corey St., Scranton, Pa. 18505

Oakite Products, Inc., 50 Valley Rd., Berkeley Heights, N.J. 07922

On-Site Wood Restoration, 138 Woolper Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45220

Parks Corp., P.O. Box 5, Somerset, Mass. 02726

Pyrock Chemical Corp., 5-40 45th St., Long Island City, N.Y. 11101

Savogram, P.O. Box 130, Norwood, Mass. 02062

Star Bronze Co., P.O. Box 2206, Alliance, Ohio 44601-0206

Servistar Corp., P.O. Box 1510, Butler, Pa. 16003

Thompson and Formby, Inc., P.O. Box 667, 10136 Magnolia Dr., Olive Branch, Miss. 38654

AUTHOR INFORMATION

THOMAS WOLLBRINCK is an assistant paintings conservator at the Intermuseum Laboratory, Oberlin, Ohio. He accepted this position after completing a two-year National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in paintings conservation at the Intermuseum Conservation Laboratory. He received a master of science degree in art conservation from the University of Delaware in 1990. His third-year internship was spent at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He held other conservation internships at the Detroit Institute of Arts, the conservation studio of Rick Strilky, and the Pomerantz Institute. He received a B.A. in studio art from St. Louis University that was completed on scholarship at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He undertook further studies in art history at the Art Institute of Chicago and in chemistry at Roosevelt University. Address: 136 North Main St., Oberlin, Ohio 44074.