4 CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY, the x-ray fluorescence analysis of the pigments on eleven early American watercolors, sixteen fraktur, in three English and American paint boxes, and two fraktur painters boxes has shown that both fraktur artists and their contemporary watercolorists, used commercially available pigments. The availability of these pigments also is noted by the historical evidence. Newspapers, furniture labels, advertisements and trade cards as shown in Figure 5 attest to the availability of a wide variety of commercial products from the trade centers of Philadelphia and Lancaster. Not the least among these were artistsa' painting materials. As a card by the Osborne Company, pigment makers of Philadelphia, states “Booksellers, Druggists and Country Storekeepers all supplied on liberal terms”.18

Fig. 5. Trade Card (66 � 93.4) Osborne and Company, Philadelphia, c.1843, Courtesy of The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Joseph Downs Manuscript Collection