gape ( gaping )
A condition in which the covers of a book are not
parallel but are further apart at the fore edge
than at the spine, i.e., the book does not close
properly. Gaping, or yawning, as it is also
called, may be caused by improper insertion of
folded material without adequate stubbing; by
improper covering or casing-in technique, in which
the case is in effect too small for the text block
or the covering material is drawn on too tightly;
or, in the case of vellum books or bindings, by
the absorption of moisture, which causes the
vellum covers to warp. (99 , 236 )
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