crushed
1. A leather which has been heavily pressed,
causing the grain to be flattened, or crushed,
thereby leaving a smooth, glazed, yet grained
effect. Such leather has an unnatural appearance
and is now seldom used in craft bookbinding. 2. A
defect in a machine-made paper, having the
appearance of a paper with a broken, mottled, or
cloudy formation. It may be caused by: 1) running
the paper web under the dandy roll while it is too
wet; 2) running the web through the presses while
too wet; or 3) running the web through the
calender or supercalender while still containing
too much moisture. Paper crushed at the dandy roll
or in the presses results in coarse mottling,
while paper crushed in either of the calenders has
a finer mottling, often accompanied by blackening.
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