carbon ink
A modified form of CHINESE INK . Carbon
ink is a mixture of finely divided carbon carried
in a vehicle of glue or a gum. It is extremely
stable, as evidenced by the characters on
manuscripts of the 7th to 10th centuries, and even
Egyptian papyri, which are darker and more
distinct than those of the 16th century, when IRON-GALL INK came
into use. Carbon ink has no destructive effects on
paper, but it does present problems to restorers
because it is so easily affected by water. (143 )