aniline
An aromatic primary amine (C 6 H
5 NH 2 ). It is a derivative
of ammonia in which one hydrogen atom is replaced
by the phenyl group. It is manufactured by the
reduction of nitrobenzene with iron filings and
either hydrochloric acid or ferrous chloride, and
subsequent steam distillation after the addition
of lime. Aniline is an oily, colorless, toxic
liquid, which darkens upon exposure to air. It is
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and forms a
number of salts. It is the base from which a great
number of intermediates for dyes are prepared,
including dimethylaniline and diethylaniline,
which in turn yield many so-called BASIC DYES , such as
methyl violet, methyline blue and malachite green.
(195 )
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