THE OZONE FADING OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE PLANT DYES
YUN YE, LYNN G. SALMON, & GLEN R. CASS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The silk and dried plant material samples used in this research were made available with the cooperation of Ms. Qian Xiaoping, Suzhou Silk Museum, Suzhou, China.
REFERENCES
Billmeyer, F. W., Jr., and M.Saltzman. 1981. Principles of color technology. 2d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Campbell, G. G., G. G.Schurr, D. E.Slawikowski, and J. W.Spence. 1974. Assessing air pollution damage to coatings. Journal of Paint Technology46:59–71.
Cass, G. R., W. W.Nazaroff, C.Tiller, and P. M.Whitmore. 1991. Protection of works of art from damage due to atmospheric ozone. Atmospheric Environment25A:441–51.
De Wit, H. C.1965. Plants of the world, vol. 2. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
Drisko, K., G. R.Cass, P. M.Whitmore, and J. R.Druzik. 1986. Fading of artists' pigments due to atmospheric ozone. In Wiener berichite �ber naturwissenschaft in der kunst, vol. 2–3, ed. A.Vendl, B.Pichler, and J.Weber. Vienna: Verlag ORAC. 66–87.
Ehling, D., and S.Swart. 1996. The Chinese herbalist's handbook. Santa Fe, N.M.: High Mountain Press.
Forbes, R. J.1987. Studies in ancient technology, vol. 4. Leiden and New York: E. J. Brill.
Grieve, M.1971. A modern herbal. New York: Dover Publications.
Grosjean, D., P. M.Whitmore, C. P.De Moor, G. R.Cass, and J. R.Druzik. 1987. Fading of alizarin and related artists' pigments by atmospheric ozone: Reaction products and mechanisms. Environmental Science and Technology21:635–43.
Grosjean, D., P. M.Whitmore, and G. R.Cass. 1988a. Ozone fading of natural organic colorants: Mechanisms and products of reaction of ozone with indigos. Environmental Science and Technology22:292–98.
Grosjean, D., P. M.Whitmore, C. P.De Moor, G. R.Cass, and J. R.Druzik. 1988b. Ozone fading of organic colorants: Products and mechanism of the reaction of ozone with curcumin. Environmental Science and Technology22:1357–61.
GuptaD. B., and M. L.Gulrajani. 1996. The light fading mechanism of dyes derived from rhubarb extract. Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists112:269–72.
Hayashi, K.1979. Chemical procedure for the determination of plant dyes in ancient Japanese textiles. In International symposium on the conservation and restoration of cultural property.Tokyo: National Research Institute of Cultural Properties. 39–50.
Johnston-Feller, R., R. L.Feller, C. W.Bailie, and M.Curran. 1984. The kinetics of fading: Opaque films pigmented with alizarin lake and titanium dioxide. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation23:114–29.
Kerr, N., M. A.Morris, and S. H.Zeronian. 1969. The effect of ozone and laundering on a vat-dyed cotton fabric. American Dyestuff Report58:34–36.
Kuhn, D.1988. Science and civilisation in China—textile technology: Spinning and reeling, vol. 5, part 9. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Li, S. Z. (1518–1593) 1981. Ben cao gang mu. (The great pharmacopoeia). Beijing: People's Health Publishing House.
Liu, Y. C.1988. The essential book of traditional Chinese medicine. New York: Columbia University Press.
Needham, J.1954. Science and civilisation in China. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Needles, H. L., V.Cassman, and M. J.Collins. 1986. Mordanted, natural-dyed wool and silk fabrics. In Historic textiles and paper materials, ed. H. L.Needles. Advances in Chemistry series 212. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. 199–210.
Newton, R. G.1945. Mechanism of exposure-cracking of rubbers. Journal of Rubber Research14:27–39.
Pratt, L. S.1947. The chemistry and physics of organic pigments. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Salvin, V. S.1969. Ozone fading of dyes. Textile Chemist and Colorist1:245–51.
Scott, P.1993. The book of silk, London: Thames and Hudson.
Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N.Pandis. 1998. Atmospheric chemistry and physics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Shaver, C. L., G. R.Cass, and J. R.Druzik. 1983. Ozone and the deterioration of works of art. Environmental Science and Technology17:745–52.
Society of Dyers and Colourists. 1971. Colour index, vol. 3, 3d ed.. Bradford, England: Society of Dyers and Colourists.
Song, Y. X. (b. 1587) 1982. Tian Gong Kai Wu(The exploitation of the works of nature). Taibei: Times and Culture Publishing Co.
Tang, J. J.1991. Analysis of plant dyes and study on ancient silk conservation. In Proceedings of the EEC China Workshop on Preservation of Cultural Heritages, Xian, Shaanxi, China. Naples, Italy: Teti. 317–33.
Watt, J. C.1997. When silk was gold: Central Asian and Chinese textiles. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Wee, Y. C.1992. An illustrated dictionary of Chinese medicinal herbs, Sebastopol, Calif.: CRCS Publications.
Whitmore, P. M., G. R.Cass, and J. R.Druzik. 1987. Ozone fading of traditional natural organic colorants on paper. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation26:45–58.
Whitmore, P. M., and G. R.Cass. 1988. The ozone fading of traditional Japanese colorants. Studies in Conservation33:29–40.
Wu, S. S., and Z. B.Tian. 1986. Zhong guo yin ran shi(Chinese history of dyeing and weaving). Shanghai: People's Publishing House.
Zhao, K. H.1985. Zhong guo gu dai hua xue shi yian jiu(Studies in the Chinese history of ancient chemistry). Beijing: Peking University Press.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
YUN YE is a Ph.D. candidate in the Materials Science Department at the California Institute of Technology. She received a B.S. in materials science from the Tsinghua University at Beijing, China, in 1995, and an M.S. in materials science from California Institute of Technology in 1997. Address: Mail code 138–78, Materials Science Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 91125
LYNN G. SALMON received a B.S. in materials science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an M.S. in materials science from UCLA. Since 1986 she has been a research engineer at the California Institute of Technology, where she has conducted numerous studies of airborne pollutants in museums, national parks, and archaeological sites around the world. Address: Mail Code 138–78, Environmental Engineering Science Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 91125
GLEN R. CASS received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1978. At the time of this work he was a professor of environmental engineering and mechanical engineering at Caltech. He is presently chair of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta. Current research interests center on control of air pollution problems, including the problem of protection of works of art from damage due to air pollution. Address: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, Ga. 30332
Received for review May 17, 1999. Revised manuscript received December 1, 1999. Accepted for publication March 14, 2000.
|