Towler, John. The Silver Sunbeam.
Joseph H. Ladd, New York: 1864. Electronic edition prepared from
facsimile edition of Morgan and Morgan, Inc., Hastings-on-Hudson,
New York. Second printing, Feb. 1974. ISBN 871000-005-9
The Silver Sunbeam - Contents
- THE SILVER SUNBEAM:
- CHAPTER I. HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
- Notes
- CHAPTER II. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.
- LIST OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC OUTFIT.
- CHAPTER III. SPECIALTIES IN REFERENCE TO THE
ARTICLES IN THE PRECEDING CHAPTER-THE GLASS-HOUSE, ETC.
- CHAPTER IV. SPECIALTIES CONTINUED.--THE CAMERA
AND LENS.
- CHAPTER V. SPECIALTIES CONTINUED.--THE
CAMERA.
- Notes
- CHAPTER VI. SPECIALTIES
CONTINUED.--DARK-ROOM.
- WORK-ROOM.
- CHAPTER VII. COLLODION.
- CHAPTER VIII. ETHER AND ALCOHOL.
- ETHER.
- CHAPTER IX. COLLODION SENSITIZERS--IODIDES AND
BROMIDES
- CHAPTER X. PREPARATION OF THE IODIDES.
chap
- Iodine.
- Properties.
- Preparation of Hydriodic Acid.
- Iodide of Barium.
- Iodide of Calcium.
- Iodide of Lithium.
- Iodide of Potassium.
- Iodide of Sodium and Iodide of
Ammonium.
- Iodide of Cadmium.
- Impurities of the Iodides.
- Tests of the Purity of the
Iodides.
- CHAPTER XI. BROMINE.
- Preparation of Bromine.
- Hydrobromic Acid.
- Bromides.
- Preparation of the Chlorides.
- Preparation.
- Properties.
- Chloride of Lime, Chlorinetted Lime,
etc.
- CHAPTER XII. NORMAL OR, PLAIN COLLODION,
IODIZED COLLODION, BROMO-IODIZED COLLODION.
- CHAPTER XIII. SILVER-SALTS OF SILVER.
- Silver.
- Properties.
- Photographic Properties of the
Nitrate of Silver.
- Preparation of other Salts of
Silver.
- Photographic Properties of Chloride
of Silver.
- CHAPTER XIV. REDUCING AGENTS-DEVELOPERS.
- Iron Developer.
- Nitrate of the Protoxide of
Iron.
- Sulphate of the Protoxide of
Iron.
- Double Sulphate of Iron and
Ammonia.
- Preparation.
- Sulphide of Iron.
- Preparation.
- Tannic Acid-Gallic Acid-Pyrogallic
Acid.
- Preparation of Tannic Acid.
- Preparation of Gallic Acid.
- Preparation of Pyrogallic Acid.
- Acids in Developing Solutions.
- Acetic Acid.
- Formic Acid.
- Photographic Uses of Formic
Acid.
- Citric Acid.
- Preparation.
- Citrate of Soda.
- Photographic Uses of Citric
Acid.
- Tartaric Acid.
- Preparation of Tartaric Acid.
- CHAPTER XV. THE NITRATE OF SILVER BATH.
- Preparation of the Sensitizing
Solution.
- CHAPTER XVI. THE DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS.
- Sulphate of Iron Developer.
- CHAPTER XVII. FIXING SOLUTIONS.
- Cyanogen.
- Preparation of Cyanogen.
- Hydrocyanic Acid-Prussic Acid.
- Cyanide of Potassium.
- Sulphocyanide of Potassium.
- Sulphocyanide of Ammonium.
- Hydrosulphocyanic Acid.
- Hyposulphite of Soda.
- CHAPTER XVIII. INTENSIFIERS.
- Preparation of Bichloride of
Mercury--Corrosive Sublimate.
- Preparation of Sulphide of
Potassium.--Hepar Sulphuris.
- Preparation of Sulphide o f
Ammonium.
- Notes
- CHAPTER XIX. WET COLLODION PROCESS.
- Collodion Positives--The
Melainotype--The Ambrotype.
- Ambrotype.
- First Subdivision. Preparing the
Glass.
- Second Subdivision.
- Third Subdivision.
- Fourth Subdivision.
- Fifth Subdivision.
- Sixth Subdivision.--Fixing
Solution.
- Remedy for Fogginess.
- Seventh Operation.
- Eighth Operation.
- Ninth Operation.
- Tenth Operation.
- Formula.
- CHAPTER XX. ALABASTRINE POSITIVES.
- CHAPTER XXI. MELAINOTYPE-FERROTYPE.
- Operation.
- CHAPTER XXII. COLLODION NEGATIVES.
- Negative Developers.
- Fixing Solutions for Negatives.
- Intensifying or Redeveloping
Process.
- Depositing Operation.
- Intensifying Operation.
- CHAPTER XXIII. TRANSFER PROCESS OF COLLODION
POSITIVES ON JAPANNED LEATHER, LINEN, PAPER, ETC.
- CHAPTER XXIV. COLLODION POSITIVES ON GLASS BY
TRANSMITTED LIGHT.
- Transparent Positives.
- CHAPTER XXV. ENLARGEMENT OF NEGATIVES BY THE
ORDINARY CAMERA.
- Reflectors used as Condensers of
Light.
- CHAPTER XXVI. TRANSPARENT POSITIVES BY CONTACT
BY THE WET PROCESS.
- CHAPTER XXVII. COLLODION NEGATIVES OR
POSITIVES COPIED FROM COLLODION OR PAPER POSITIVES.
- CHAPTER XXVIII. STEREOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES AND
LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY.
- Instantaneous Stereographs.
- Instantaneous Process of
Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart Mortley.
- Intensifier.
- Instantaneous Shutters.
- CHAPTER XXIX. NEGATIVES ON PAPER.
- The Talbotype or Calotype
Process.
- To Sensitize Calotype Taper.
- Fixing of the Negative.
- Wax-Paper Process of Legray
- Waxing of the Paper.
- Iodizing of the Paper.
- Sensitization of the Paper.
- Exposure to the View, etc.
- Development of the Image.
- Fixing of the Image.
- Geoffray's Process with Cerolein
for taking Paper Negatives.
- Turpentine and Wax Process of
Tillard.
- Wet-Paper Negative Process of
Humbert de Molard.
- Improved Calotype Process by
Prichard.
- CHAPTER XXX. POSITIVE PRINTING.
- Printing on Plain Paper, on
Albumenized Paper, or Arrow-Root Paper.
- Description of the Materials used
in Positive Printing.
- Albumen.
- Gelatine.
- Amylaceous or Non-Azotized
Substances.
- Starch.
- Gum-Arabic.
- Chloride of Gold.
- Nitrate of Uranium.
- Acetate of Soda-Citrate of
Soda,-Phosphate of Soda.
- Carbonate of Soda.
- Carbonate of Lime.
- CHAPTER XXXI. MANIPULATION OF POSITIVE
PRINTING.
- Preparation of Salted Paper.
- Plain Salted Paper.
- Preparation of Albumenized
Paper.
- Preparation of Arrow-Root
Paper.
- Sensitizing Bath.
- Fuminating Process.
- CHAPTER XXXII. THE PRINTING OF SENSITIZED
PAPER.
- Toning of the Prints.
- Self-Acting Photographic
Washing-Machine
- Mounting of Photographs.
- What to do with the Clippings of
Prints.
- Mounting Stereographs.
- CHAPTER XXXIII. BERTRAND'S NEW PROCESS FOR
POSITIVE PRINTING.
- Glover's Resinized Printing
Process.
- CHAPTER XXXIV. PRINTING BY DEVELOPMENT.
- Method of Sensitizing by Means of
Nitrate of Uranium. (The Process of Niepce de Saint Victor.)
- CHAPTER XXXV. THE CARD-PICTURE.
- Lenses for the Card-Picture.
- Development.
- Fixing.
- Printing of Card-Pictures.
- Vignette Printing.
- Toning, Fixing, and Mounting.
- On the Tinting and Coloring of
Photographs.
- The Colors used most
frequently.
- Other Indispensable Articles.
- Coloring of a Portrait.
- Coloring the Face.
- Blonde Hair.
- Chestnut-Colored Hair.
- Black Hair.
- Gray hair.
- Red hair.
- White Hair.
- Drapery.
- Blue Drapery.
- Green Drapery.
- Iced Drapery.
- Rose-Colored Drapery.
- Brown Drapery.
- Pink Drapery.
- White Drapery.
- Yellow Drapery.
- Pearl Gray.
- Violet.
- Background.
- How to Imitate Metals, etc., with
Color.
- CHAPTER XXXVI. DRY COLLODION PROCESS--DRY
PROCESSES.
- The Albumen Process.
- Drying Process.
- Sensitizing the Film.
- Exposure in the camera.
- Development of the Image.
- Taupenot Process--Collodio-Albumen
Process.
- Preparation of the Glass
Plates.
- Exposure.
- Development of the Image.
- Modified Albumen Process. (By James
Larpey.)
- Sensitizing Solution.
- Exposure.
- Developer.
- Fixing.
- Modified Collodio-Albumen Process.
(By James Mudd.)
- Sensitizing Solution.
- Development.
- Fothergill Process.
- Developing Solution.
- CHAPTER XXXVII. DR. HILL NORRIS'S
PROCESS--GELATINE PROCESS.
- Tannin Process of Major
Russell.
- Gelatine Operation.
- Collodion for the Tannin
Process.
- Preservative Solution of
Tannin.
- The Tannin and Honey Process.
- Resin Process.
- Sutton's Rapid Dry Process.
- Keene's Rapid Dry Process.
- CHAPTER XXXVIII PRINTING OF TRANSPARENT
POSITIVES BY THE DRY PROCESS.
- To take Copies of any given
size.
- Application of the Preceding
Table.
- Microphotography and
Macrophotography.
- Solar Microscope.
- How to find the point where the
Lens is to be placed.
- Macrophotography, or the Art of
Taking Enlarged Photographs. The Negative for Enlargement.
- The Quality of the Negative.
- Development.
- Microphotography, or the Art of
taking Diminished Copies of Photographs, or Photographs of
Microscopic Object's.
- CHAPTER XXXIX. THE DAGUERREOTYPE.
- First Operation, or the Cleaning
and Polishing of the Shivered Plates.
- Second Operation, or the
Sensitizing of the Silver Plate.
- Third Operation, or the Exposure to
Light.
- Fourth Operation, or Developing by
the Vapor of Mercury.
- Fifth Operation, or the Fixing of
the Developed Image.
- Sixth Operation, or the Toning with
Gold.
- CHAPTER XL. PRINTING WITHOUT THE SALTS OF
SILVER.
- Process with the Salts of Iron.
- Process with the Salts of
Uranium.
- Process for Red Pictures.
- Process for Green Pictures.
- Process for Violet Pictures.
- Process for Blue Pictures.
- Carbon Process.
- Pouncy's Process.
- Pouncy's New Carbon Process.
- Processes of Salmon and
Garnier.
- Fargier's Process.
- Carbon Processes with the Salts of
Iron
- No. 1.-Process with Sesquichloride.
of Iron and Tartaric Acid.
- To transfer the Carbon Print from
Glass to Paper.
- Printing directly on Paper by means
of the Sesquichloride of Iron and Tartaric Acid.
- Photographic Engraving.
- Engraving on the Daguerreotype
Plate.
- Process of Fizeau.
- Process of Talbot.
- Asphaltotype of Nicéphore
Niepce.
- Preparation of the Plate.
- Flowing of the Varnish
- Exposure of the Plate.
- Development of the Image.
- Washing of the Plate.
- Fumigation of the Plates.
- Application of the Aqua-Tinta
Granulation.
- Etching of the Plate.
- Etching on Glass.
- Négre's Process for
Heliographic Engraving.
- Copies for the Engraver to work
from.
- Photo-lithography and
Photo-zincography.
- Asphalto-photolithographic
Process.
- Bichromo photo-lithographic
Processes of Poitevin.
- Photo-typographic Process of
Poitevin.
- Photo-lithographic Process of
Newton.
- Photo-zincography by Colonel Sir H.
James, R.E.; and Photo-lithography by Mr. Osborne.
- Quality of the Paper used in the
Transfer Process.
- Coating of the Paper with the
Sensitive Solution.
- Exposure under the Negative.
- The Inking o f the Bichromate
Print.
- The Cleaning of the Surface of the
Print.
- Transference of the Print to Zinc
or Stone.
- Etching of the Zinc.
- Photo-papyrography by Colonel Sir
H. James, R.E.
- On the production of Photographs,
etc., on Glass in Enamel Colors by Joubert.
- CHAPTER XLI. STEREOSCOPICITY.
- Strabonic Stereograph.
- CHAPTER XLII. CELESTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY.
- CHAPTER XLIII. HELIOCHROMY, OR THE ART OF
TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS IN NATURAL COLORS.
- CHAPTER XLIV. IMPERFECTIONS IN COLLODION
NEGATIVES AND POSITIVES, AND THEIR REMEDIES.
- Spots and Apertures.
- Transparent Spots.
- Ridges and Undulating Lines.
- Streaks and Stains.
- Feebleness of the Image, or de
deficiency of Contrast.
- Harshness, or Excess of
Contrast.
- Imperfect Definition.
- Solarization.
- Tender and Rotten Films
- Imperfections in Paper Prints.
- Defects in the Paper.
- Imperfect Albumenizing and
Salting.
- Defective Sensitizing.
- Defects in the Printing or in the
Negative.
- Imperfect Washing previous to
Toning.
- Defective Toning.
- Defective Fixing.
- Mealiness on the Print.
- CHAPTER XLV. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
- Comparison of Weights and Measures.
Apothecaries' Weight.
- Symbols.
- Apothecaries' Measure of Capacity.
(United States.)
- Avoirdupois Weight.
- Apothecaries' grains.
- Weight of Water at 62° and
Capacity of:
- French Measures of Length.
- French Weights
- CHAPTER XLVI. COMPARISON OF THERMOMETRIC
INDICATIONS ON THE PRINCIPAL THERMOMETERS IN USE.
- CHAPTER XLVII. COMPARISON ON HYDROMETRIC AND
SPECIFIC GRAVITY INDICATION'S.
- For Liquids Heavier than Water.
Baumé.
- For Liquids Lighter than Water.
Baumé
- Twaddell's Hydrometer.
- CHAPTER XLVIII. TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS OF
MATTER, WITH THEIR SYMBOLS AND CHEMICAL EQUIVALENTS.